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Why AI chip manufacturing cannot do without ultrapure water - revealing the key to water quality in high-precision and cutting-edge fields


In today's high-tech field, artificial intelligence (AI) chips, as the core components supporting advanced technologies such as machine learning and deep learning, have extremely strict requirements for the environment and technology in their manufacturing process. Among them, there is a seemingly insignificant but crucial factor - ultrapure water, which plays an indispensable role in the production process of AI chips.

The design and manufacturing of AI chips involve nanoscale microfabrication techniques, and the internal structure of the chip is extremely precise and complex. Any small impurities or contamination can lead to a decrease in circuit performance, and even result in the entire chip being scrapped. In the chip production process, whether it is photolithography, etching, deposition, cleaning, or packaging, a large amount of water is used, which poses extremely high requirements for water quality.

Ordinary water contains a large amount of impurities such as ions, organic matter, microorganisms, and other suspended particles, which can cause many problems in the chip manufacturing process:

Corrosive effects: Elements such as chlorine, sulfur, and their compounds in water have corrosive effects on the metal layer in the chip, which can damage the fine circuit structure of the chip.

Ionic contamination: The presence of metal ions such as sodium and potassium can lead to mobile ion contamination (MIC), seriously affecting the electrical performance of semiconductor materials and reducing the reliability of chips.

Particle contamination: Even micrometer sized particles can clog fine pipeline systems or cover the surface of chips, leading to a decrease in yield.

Therefore, the water used in chip manufacturing must be highly purified ultrapure water, with a resistivity typically exceeding 18 M Ω· cm, almost sterile, dust-free, and free of trace metal ions and other organic compounds, consisting only of almost perfect H2O molecules. Ultra pure water is mainly used for the cleaning step of chips. It can effectively remove residues and impurities generated during the manufacturing process, ensuring that the chip surface is clean and flawless, and ensuring the accuracy and stability of integrated circuits.

In addition, considering environmental protection and sustainable development, chip manufacturing companies will also adopt advanced wastewater treatment systems to recycle and reuse used ultrapure water, in order to minimize water resource waste and ensure that wastewater discharge meets strict environmental standards.

Ultra pure water is crucial for AI chip manufacturing. It is not only a necessity to ensure chip quality, but also an important part of achieving green and efficient chip manufacturing industry. With the continuous development and refinement of AI chip technology, the demand for ultrapure water will also become increasingly strict, which will undoubtedly further promote the innovation and progress of ultrapure water preparation and related supporting technologies.

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