Membrane separation technology has been highly valued by China, a country with excellent technology from around the world. In the past 30 years, the UK, Australia, Japan, and Europe have consistently positioned membrane technology as a high-tech technology, investing a lot of capital and human resources to promote the rapid development trend of membrane technology, and its application scope is expanding day by day.

The development trend and application of membrane separation technology have solved the problems of separation, concentration, and purification with high quality in many fields, such as pure water production and manufacturing, seawater desalination equipment, elimination of brackish water, electronics industry, pharmaceutical and biotechnology, ecological environment protection, food, chemical plants, textiles, and other industrial production, providing a technological support for green economy and green manufacturing.

Introduction to membrane separation technology

1.1 Definition of membranes

A membrane is a substance that serves as a molecular structure level separation filter. When an aqueous solution or mixed vapor comes into contact with a membrane, some chemicals can pass through the membrane under working pressure, electrostatic field effect, or temperature difference effect, while others are selectively blocked, resulting in the separation of different components in the aqueous solution or mixed vapor. This type of separation is molecular structure level separation.

1.2 Types of membranes

The separation membrane includes: RO reverse osmosis membrane (0.0001~0.005 μ m) Nanofiltration membrane (0.001~0.005) μ m) Dow reverse osmosis membrane (0.001~0.1 μ m) Hollow fiber membrane (0.1-1 μ m) Electrodialysis membrane, infiltration vaporization membrane, liquid membrane, vapor separation membrane, electric grade membrane, etc. They are matched with different separation principles, different machinery and equipment, and have different application goals. The membrane itself can be made of high polymers, inorganic materials, or liquids, and its structure can be homogeneous or heterogeneous, porous or non porous, solid or liquid, concentration polarized or neutralized. The thickness of the film can be as thin as 100 μ m. Thick to millimeters. Different membranes have different external economic structures and functions, and must be produced in different ways. The film making method has always been a key research topic in the film industry, and it is also a key technology for various enterprises to strictly maintain confidentiality.

1.3 Definition of membrane separation technology

Make the membrane into a suitable configuration for industrial production applications, and connect it with the driving machine equipment (pressure pump, electrostatic field, electric heater, or mechanical pump), gate valve, instrument panel, and pipeline Yihang machine equipment. Under certain processing technology standards, practical operations can be carried out to separate solutions or mixed vapors. The components passing through the membrane are called flow separation. This type of separation technology is called membrane separation technology.

The main uses of membrane technology

2.1 Power supply

2.1.1 High quality domestic water supply

With the environmental pollution of water quality and the improvement of people's living standards, people are increasingly looking forward to obtaining high-quality domestic water supply. The use of activated carbon filtration and ultrafiltration membrane fusion to produce high-quality domestic water has low investment in machinery and equipment projects, low cost of water treatment, and is a reasonable economic development method for producing high-quality domestic water, with broad industry prospects.

2.1.2 Industrial production power supply

The water bodies of drinking water and surface water cannot consider many regulations in the chemical, electronic, and cotton textile industries. They must go through cleaning solutions before they can be applied. Ultrafiltration membrane technology is one of the key technologies for clean industrial water use.

2.1.3 Pharmaceutical tap water

Pharmaceutical injection tap water is produced using multi-level steam distillation, and its processing technology is complex, energy consuming, and quality often cannot be guaranteed. The use of ultrafiltration membrane technology to remove injection heat and terminal equipment water heat has achieved very good practical results.

2.2 Solution of processing water (separation, concentration, grade classification, and purification)

In the entire process of industrial production, there are usually requirements for separation, concentration, grade classification, and purification of a certain type of solution. The traditional method involves the entire process of sedimentation, filtration, heating, refrigeration, steam distillation, purification, and crystallization. This method mainly manifests shortcomings such as long steps, high energy consumption, excessive damage to raw materials, huge machinery and equipment, low efficiency, and complex practical operations. Replacing a certain type of traditional technology with ultrafiltration membrane technology can achieve significant economic benefits.

2.2.1 Application of membrane technology in pharmaceutical industry production

Membrane technology is widely used in the separation, concentration, and purification of microorganisms and pharmaceutical manufacturing. Such as the separation of blood night preparation, purification of antibacterial drugs and interferon suppositories, classification and purification of protein levels, sterilization and response of Chinese herbal materials, etc. Alcoholic fermentation is a popular technology in biomedicine, which obtains drugs from fermentation broth. Traditional handicrafts include gas chromatography analysis or heated concentration, continuous use of solvents and strong acid and alkali aqueous solutions, high consumption, long steps, and heavy daily tasks in wastewater treatment. Especially many drugs have strong thermal sensitivity, which limits the applicability of traditional handicrafts. Internationally excellent pharmaceutical production lines often use membrane separation technology to replace traditional separation, concentration, and purification processes. If the membrane machine equipment is used to concentrate and purify antibiotics, traditional Chinese medicine soup, and traditional Chinese medicine injection response, etc.

2.2.2 Application of membrane technology in industrial production in the food industry

Using ultrafiltration membrane technology to separate the products and bacterial bodies in the fermentation broth, and then using other methods to customize the steps. Its advantages are: improved productivity and product quality; Simplified the production process; The bacterial protein has no additional residue and has high practical value, achieving resource development and utilization. Membrane technology has been used in the production of soy sauce, vinegar, fruit juice, dairy products, and sugar industry.

2.2.3 Application of membrane technology in various industrial productions

Any process involving concentration and separation at the molecular structure level is an opportunity for the application of membrane technology. The online purification of car self swimming paint uses Dow reverse osmosis membrane to remove residues and continuously ensure paint quality; Separation and concentration of chemical intermediates using ultrafiltration membrane technology in the fuel industry.

2.3 Application in Ecological Environment Protection and Water Source Utilization

Membrane technology has been widely used in wastewater treatment, pollution control, and water source development and utilization. In many cases, it not only solves sewage, but also acquires effective chemicals and kinetic energy.

2.3.1 Solution to various oily wastewater and waste engine oil

① Solution to oil recovery and water injection: Membrane method can remove emulsified oil dissolved in water and improve the quality of introduced water The solution to oily wastewater: Many industrial production and transportation industries cause a lot of oily wastewater, and membrane filtration technology is a more effective way to meet environmental standards Purification of waste lubricating oil: By using basic techniques for membrane separation, very pure lubricating grease can be obtained, which is suitable for solving waste oils such as cars Purification and acquisition of CNC lathe cutting fluid: The membrane method can remove bacteria and residues from waste cutting fluid, and recycle them after solving the problem Purification technology for waste vegetable oil: Vegetable oil can cause carcinogens under continuous high temperature, which can be removed by membrane method. ⑥ Purification of edible oil: Edible oil contains 15% to 48% high carbon content of erucic acid. It can be removed by membrane method, achieving standardization (erucic acid<

5%).

2.3.2 Solution and Recycling of Wastewater

① Membrane bioreactor solves the problem of reusing raw water for domestic sewage treatment, with a small footprint, low investment in machinery and equipment projects, and good water solution The solution and recycling of packaging printing developer wastewater can be achieved by using membrane technology, which can meet environmental standards and can also be recycled Electroplating wastewater treatment can be solved through membrane technology, water recycling, and the use of air pollutants in tanks Wastewater treatment uses membrane separation to remove colored plate dyes, and the obtained water is recycled and reused. The treatment of wastewater from denim fabrics can be recycled and utilized with indigo natural materials The membrane used in papermaking industry wastewater can separate lignocellulose, melanin, etc. from the wastewater, and the filtered water can be discharged or recycled.

2.3.3 Water elimination technology

① Seawater Desalination Equipment Technology: Using a brand new membrane steam distillation technology, it is more suitable for use with marine engine heat exchangers, and using equipment temperature to produce water. It is suitable for small and medium-sized fishing boats to set sail and salvage applications Seawater elimination technology: Eliminate pure natural seawater using membranes to meet water quality testing standards.

2.4 Vapor separation and concentration technology and its application

① Air oxidation and concentration: it can be made into safe and simple diagnosis and acupuncture and moxibustion physiotherapy machines and equipment with membrane equipment, and can also be used for industrial production such as iron smelting, oxygen blowing or combustion, with rich oxygen absorption concentration of 35%~80%. ② N2 concentration: N2 can be used for food storage, car storage, aircraft refueling, explosion-proof and chemical industries. The nitrogen in membrane machinery equipment can be concentrated to 90% to 98% Separation of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and radon gas: When carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and radon gas are mixed with other vapors, they can be separated using a membrane, considering the necessity of industrial production Separation and concentration of radon gas: In the production and manufacturing of chemical raw materials, a large amount of radon gas is usually discharged, which can be separated by membrane method.

2.5 Other

① Membrane preservative: Apply a layer of film to the outside of fresh fruits and eggs to achieve refrigeration purposes. After refrigeration, the storage time is long and the appearance color is good Membrane separation technology for producing vitamin E: The compound VE can be obtained from soybean oil using a membrane, and its extraction agent can be applied in a circulating system.

The Development Dynamics of Three Membrane Separation Equipment in China

China's membrane technology has been developing scientific research since the mid to late 1960s, and has been struggling in laboratory and small-scale operations for a long time. Gradually from the "Seventh Five Year Plan", the National Science and Technology Commission has included membrane technology in national major scientific research projects for various applications. Membrane technology has made great progress, especially with the basic national conditions of China's reform and opening up promoting universal international cooperation. The necessity of membrane technology in social and economic development is increasingly expanding, and the total output value of China's membrane industry is gradually increasing.

In the past decade, the overall level of membrane technology in China has made great progress, but the difference between China and internationally technologically advanced countries is still very significant. The specific difficulties are manifested in: intelligent production and manufacturing, low level of industrial development, non-standard raw materials, lack of strict control over the main parameters of processing technology, and unstable product quality; There are few types of membranes and their application scope is limited. Especially in terms of the applied process technology, system software and equipment capabilities, membrane component level, and related electrical products, the international excellent level has not been achieved, and the demand of the Chinese market cannot be considered. Membrane technology has a great potential for indoor development.

Firstly, we need to enhance our product research and development capabilities, promote the development of the membrane technology industry chain, leverage technological innovation, improve product quality, control costs, increase variety, and expand application areas.

Secondly, based on the investment project, technology introduction, digestion, and improvement of membrane technology application process technology, system software and complete equipment capabilities, membrane production and membrane component level, membrane types, and related electrical products should achieve international excellent level.

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