The reverse osmosis system includes three parts: pre-treatment of raw water, reverse osmosis equipment, and post-treatment. The reverse osmosis system has specific regulations for the pre-treatment of raw water. Due to the wide variety of raw water and its complex composition, it is necessary to choose a suitable pre-treatment process system to meet the requirements of the main process design parameters such as the water quality of the raw water and the recovery rate of the reverse osmosis system. This can reduce fouling and scaling of the reverse osmosis membrane, avoid a decrease in the desalination rate and water production rate of the reverse osmosis membrane, especially in response to the increasing scarcity of water sources and the deterioration of the water body. Choosing a correct pre-treatment system will directly affect the efficiency of the entire water treatment device. As is well known, the failure of the reverse osmosis system is mostly caused by the inadequate function of the pre-treatment system. In order to ensure the normal operation of the reverse osmosis process, strict pre-treatment of the raw water is necessary.

The important factors that reduce the characteristics of reverse osmosis membranes are:

1. The membrane undergoes chemical degradation, such as the destruction of aromatic polyamides by oxidizing agents such as chlorine and strong oxidizing agents;

2. Scaling of insoluble salts on the membrane surface;

3. The membrane is blocked by suspended solids and colloidal pollutants from the inflow;

4. Membrane fouling and membrane degradation are caused by adhesion and corrosion by microorganisms, fungi, algae, etc;

5. Large molecule organic compounds block membrane fouling and small molecule organic compounds are adsorbed by the membrane.

The efficiency and lifespan of reverse osmosis are closely related to the pre-treatment effect of raw water. The purpose of pre-treatment is to minimize the pollution, scaling, and damage of the membrane caused by influent water, thereby optimizing the system's water production rate, desalination rate, recovery rate, and operating cost. Therefore, better pre-treatment is crucial for the long-term safe operation of reverse osmosis equipment. Its purpose is divided into:

1. Remove suspended solids and reduce turbidity;

2. Control the growth of microorganisms;

3. Control the accumulation of slightly soluble salts;

4. Adjustment of inlet water temperature and pH;

5. Removal of organic matter;

6. Sedimentation control of hydroxides and silicon.

The goal of reverse osmosis membrane pretreatment

In order to ensure the water recovery rate, water quality, stable water output, low operating costs, and optimal membrane service life of the reverse osmosis system, it is necessary to carry out comprehensive pre-treatment. The actual goal is:

1. To avoid surface contamination of the membrane, it is necessary to remove suspended solids, microorganisms, colloidal substances, and organic matter as much as possible, in order to prevent these substances from accumulating on the membrane surface or clogging the water flow channel of the membrane element;

2. To avoid scaling on the surface of the membrane, it is essential to minimize the accumulation of insoluble salts such as CaCO3, CaSO3, BaSO3, SrSO3, CaF2, and their iron, manganese, aluminum, silicon compounds on the membrane surface;

3. To avoid physical and chemical damage to the membrane, it is essential to minimize the impact of high temperature, acidic or alkaline water, oxidants, and other factors on the membrane.

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