Wastewater treatment is the process of separating pollutants from clean water in wastewater and discharging them separately to achieve purification. According to the different acid-base properties of wastewater, there are two types of wastewater: acidic wastewater and alkaline wastewater. When the concentration of acidic wastewater is below 4% and has no recycling value, neutralization is generally necessary to solve the problem. When alkaline wastewater contains less than 2% alkali and cannot be economically and effectively recycled, acidic substances should also be used for neutralization to solve the problem.

Common methods for treating acidic wastewater:

1. Neutralize with lime slurry;

2. Add sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) to the wastewater;

3. Using waste alkali water and;

4. Add calcium carbide slag, alkali slag, etc.

From an economic and cost saving perspective, it is best to neutralize acidic wastewater with alkaline wastewater and waste alkali residue, achieving the goal of treating waste with waste. Neutralization with lime slurry is also relatively inexpensive, and the cost of using caustic soda or soda ash is higher.

Generally, for weakly acidic wastewater with a longer neutralization time, alkali should be used moderately; At the same time, when paying attention to neutralization, some may produce residues, and in this case, the treatment of residues should also be considered. Sometimes, according to the form of acid-base neutralization, appropriate machines need to be configured, such as the neutralization of waste acid-base. Often, due to the balance between the two, it is necessary to consider whether to build a neutralization tank. When using lime neutralization, dry and wet feeding equipment should be considered. When using dolomite, marble, limestone, etc. for filtration and neutralization, a filter tank should also be set up. The effluent from the neutralization tank must meet the discharge standard with a pH of 6-9.

Common methods for alkaline wastewater treatment:

1. Adding acid or acidic wastewater;

2. Adding carbon dioxide (CO);

3. Connect waste flue gas (utilizing waste gas CO) in alkaline wastewater. From an economic perspective and from the perspective of waste treatment, the first consideration is the reuse of waste acid and the utilization of waste flue gas. To neutralize alkaline wastewater with waste acid, hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid is mostly used, and nitric acid is rarely used. Hydrochloric acid has a relatively low price and is commonly used, while sulfuric acid has a higher price. However, the solubility of the product is high and there is less residue. Moderate machines should be used for neutralization, and attention should be paid to the use of flue gas. Sometimes, there may be pollutants such as sulfates in the discharged water, which still need to be further addressed.

The treatment of acidic and alkaline wastewater mentioned earlier simply adjusts the pH of the wastewater to meet the discharge standards of 6-9. If the wastewater needs to be treated to meet all the standards for discharge, a targeted sewage treatment plan should be designed based on the type of wastewater and the pollution components in the water. Through various collaborative processes, the wastewater should be treated to meet the standards for discharge.

Micro electrolysis is a process for wastewater pretreatment, in which iron carbon fillers obtain current in acidic wastewater and use the principle of electro oxidation oxidation reaction to remove organic matter from the wastewater.

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